Process Paper and Bibliography. 2nd Place Senior Individual Documentary Sophia Alleman, Tradition v. Toleration: An Epic Battle for Religious Freedom in Virginia YouTube 2nd Place Senior Individual Performance Riley Sutherland The Leadership and Legacy of Winston Churchill 1st Place Senior Individual Performance Jay Mehta Websites The Bengal famine of was a famine in the Bengal province of British India (now Bangladesh and eastern India) during World War blogger.com estimated –3 million, out of a population of million, died of starvation, malaria, and other diseases aggravated by malnutrition, population displacement, unsanitary conditions and lack of health blogger.comns were all your paper needs covered 24/7 No matter what kind of academic paper you need, it is simple and affordable to place your order with Achiever Essays. We have experienced writers in over 70+ disciplines for whom English is a native language and will easily prepare a paper according to your requirements
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Lindemann was a brilliant but arrogant intellectual, who quarrelled sharply with many respected advisers. His contribution to Allied victory lay chiefly in logistics. He was particularly adept at thesis paper winston churchill the battle of britain data into clear charts to promote a strategy.
But despite his credentials, his judgment about technology was often flawed. He tried to block the development of radar in favour of infra-red beams. He discounted the first reports of the enemy's V-weapons programme. He pressed the case for the strategic area bombing of cities on a false premise about the impact of such bombing on civilian morale.
His abiding influence on Churchill stemmed from close personal friendship, as a member of the latter's country-house set, including Evelyn Waughthesis paper winston churchill the battle of britain, the Mitfords and the Sitwells. In Churchill's second government, he was given a seat in the cabinet, and later created Viscount Cherwell of Oxford. Lindemann was the second of three sons of Adolph Friedrich Lindemannwho had emigrated to the United Kingdom circa [1] and became naturalised.
After schooling in Scotland and Darmstadthe attended the University of Berlin. Here he studied under Walther Nernst. He carried out research in physics at the Sorbonne that confirmed theories, first put forward by Albert Einsteinon specific heats at very low temperatures. In he was invited to the Solvay Conference on "Radiation and the Quanta" where he was the youngest attendee. He was known to friends as "the Prof" in reference to his position at the University of Oxfordand as "Baron Berlin" to his many detractors because of his German accent and haughty aristocratic manner.
Lindemann believed that a small circle of the intelligent and the aristocratic should run the world, resulting in a peaceable and stable society, "led by supermen and served by helots. Lindemann supported eugenics and held the working class, homosexualsand Black people in contempt and supported sterilisation of the mentally incompetent. At thesis paper winston churchill the battle of britain lower end of the race and class spectrum, thesis paper winston churchill the battle of britain, one could remove the ability to suffer or to feel ambition Instead of subscribing to what he called 'the fetish of equality', Lindemann recommended that human differences should be accepted and indeed enhanced by thesis paper winston churchill the battle of britain of science.
It was no longer necessary, he wrote, to wait for 'the haphazard process of natural selection to ensure that the slow and heavy mind gravitates to the lowest form of activity. At the outbreak of the First World WarLindemann was playing tennis in Germany and had to leave in haste to avoid internment. In he joined the staff of the Royal Aircraft Factory at Farnborough. He developed a mathematical theory of aircraft spin recovery and later learned to fly so that he could test his ideas himself.
In Lindemann was appointed professor of experimental philosophy physics at the University of Oxford and director of the Clarendon Laboratorylargely on the recommendation of Henry Tizardwho had been a colleague in Berlin. Around this time, Churchill's wife Clementine partnered with Lindemann for a charity tennis match. Although the two men had very different lifestyles, they both excelled at a sport: Churchill's was polo.
Lindemann's ability to explain scientific issues concisely, and his excellent flying skills, probably impressed Churchill, who had given up trying to earn a pilot's licence because of Clementine's grave concerns. They became close friends and remained so for 35 years, with Lindemann visiting Chartwell more than times from to Lindemann was also alarmed and fearful of political developments in Germany.
In the s, Lindemann advised Winston Churchill when the latter was out of Government — the Wilderness Years — and leading a campaign for rearmament. He appointed to the Clarendon one of Churchill's social set that included the Mitfords and the Cavendish family, the young Welshman Derek Jackson.
This brilliant young physicist, thesis paper winston churchill the battle of britain, the son of Sir Charles Jacksontransferred from the Nobel prize-winning labs at Cambridge and worked on Lindemann's top-secret nuclear energy projects. Lindemann moved in rich circles at Biddesdenthe Earl of Iveagh 's home, hosted with literary luminaries Augustus JohnLytton StracheyJohn BetjemanEvelyn Waughthe Carringtons and the Mitfords, the Sitwells and the Huxley families.
One frequently intoxicated visitor was a wayward Randolph Churchill. InLindemann joined Winston to complete a road trip throughout Europe and were dismayed at what they saw. Churchill later said, "A terrible process is astir. Germany is arming. Lindemann also assisted the new Prime Minister in the rescue of a number of German Jewish physicists, [18] primarily at the University of Göttingento emigrate to Britain supplementing the vital war work developing at the Clarendon Laboratory, including the Manhattan Project.
Churchill got Lindemann onto the "Committee for the Study of Aerial Defence" which under Sir Henry Tizard was putting its resources behind the development of radar. Lindemann's presence was disruptive, insisting instead that his own ideas of aerial mines and infra-red beams be given priority over radar. To resolve the situation the committee dissolved itself to reform as a new body without Lindemann. When Churchill became Prime Ministerhe appointed Lindemann as the British government's leading scientific adviser, thesis paper winston churchill the battle of britain, with David Bensusan-Butt as his private secretary.
He saw Churchill almost daily for the duration of the war and wielded more influence than any other civilian adviser. Lindemann established a special statistical branch, known as ' S-Branch ', within the government, constituted from subject specialists, and reporting directly to Churchill.
This branch scrutinised the performance of the regular ministries and prioritised the logistical machinery of warfare. S-Branch distilled thousands of sources of data into succinct charts and figures, so that the status of the nation's food supplies for example could be instantly evaluated. The bar charts now on display in the Cabinet War Rooms which compare Allied shipping tonnage lost to new ships delivered each month and those comparing bomb tonnage dropped by Germany on Britain with that dropped by the Allies on Germany each month are mute testaments to both the intellectual and the psychological power of his statistical presentations.
Lindemann's statistical branch often caused tensions between government departments, thesis paper winston churchill the battle of britain, but because it allowed Churchill to make quick decisions based on accurate data which directly affected the war effort, its importance should not be underestimated. InLindemann supported the experimental department MD1. General Ismaywho supervised MD1, recalled:.
Churchill used to say that the Prof's brain was a beautiful piece of mechanism, and the Prof did not dissent from that judgement. He seemed to have a poor opinion of the intellect of everyone with the exception of Lord BirkenheadMr Churchill and Professor Lindemann; and he had a special contempt for the bureaucrat and all his ways. The Ministry of Supply and the Ordnance Board were two of his pet aversions, and he derived a great deal of pleasure from forestalling them with new inventions.
In his appointment as Personal Assistant to the Prime Minister no field of activity was closed to him. He was as obstinate as a mule, and unwilling to admit that there was any problem under the sun which he was not qualified to solve, thesis paper winston churchill the battle of britain. He would write a memorandum on high strategy one day, and a thesis on egg production on the next. He seemed to try to give the impression of wanting to quarrel with everybody, and of preferring everyone's room to their company; but once he had accepted a man as a friend, he never failed him, and there are many of his war-time colleagues who will ever remember him with deep personal affection.
He hated Hitler and all his works, and his contribution to Hitler's downfall in all sorts of odd ways was considerable. With power, Lindemann was able to sideline Tizard; especially after Tizard did not acknowledge that the Germans were using radio navigation to bomb Britain. Lindemann has been described as having "an almost pathological hatred for Nazi Germany, and an almost medieval desire for revenge was a part of his character".
The "menace of famine suddenly loomed up like a hydra-headed monster with a hundred clamouring mouths" according to C. Behrens in the official history of Allied merchant shipping. Following the Air Ministry Area bombing directive on 12 FebruaryLindemann presented in a paper on " Dehousing " to Churchill on 30 Marchwhich calculated the effects of area bombardment by a massive bomber force on German cities to break the spirit of the people. Middle class houses have too much space round them, so are bound to waste bombs" changed accepted conventions of limiting civilian casualties in wartime".
Lindemann's paper was based on the incorrect premise that strategic bombing could cause a breakdown in German morale. Despite this, his arguments were used in support of Bomber Command 's claim for a priority in allocation of resources.
Lindemann argued against the rumoured existence of the V-2 rocketasserting it was "a great hoax to distract our attention from some other weapon. Lubbock" and that at the end of the war, the committee would find that the rocket was "a mare's nest". Lindemann took the view that long-range military rockets were feasible only if they were propelled by solid fuels and would need to be of enormous size. He rejected arguments that relatively compact liquid fuels could be used to propel such weapons.
Lindemann's political career was a result of his close friendship with Winston Churchillwho protected Lindemann from the many in the British government he had snubbed and insulted. In July Lindemann was raised to the peerage thesis paper winston churchill the battle of britain Baron Cherwellthesis paper winston churchill the battle of britain, of Oxford in the County of Oxford.
In he was also sworn of the Privy Council. He continued in this post until Thesis paper winston churchill the battle of britain Lindemann was a teetotalernon- smoker and a vegetarianalthough Churchill would sometimes induce him to take a glass of brandy. He was an excellent pianist, and sufficiently able as a tennis player to compete at Wimbledon.
Lindemann, or the "Prof", never married. In his younger years, he had pursued two romantic interests but was rejected on both occasions.
When he was 49, Lindemann became entranced with the year-old Lady Elizabeth Lindsay, daughter of the 27th Earl of Crawford, David Lindsay.
One day in FebruaryLindemann learnt from Lady Elizabeth's father that, while travelling in Italy, she had fallen ill with pneumonia and died; upon the news of her death, Lindemann withdrew from his romantic pursuits and chose to spend the rest of his life alone. Lindemann died in his sleep at Oxford [42] on 3 Julyaged 71, one year after becoming Viscount Cherwell, at which point the barony and viscountcy became extinct.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. British physicist. The Right Honourable. CH PC FRS. Main article: Strategic bombing during World War II. Main article: Operation Crossbow. June Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. doi : JSTOR S2CID Statesmen of Science. London: Cresset Press. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed.
Oxford University Press. Subscription or UK public library membership required. Retrieved 21 December Scientific American.
1940-41 The Battle of Britain Begins (with W. Churchill)
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This document is not available in digital form. If you are supporting DoD or U.S. Government research please Sign In using a CAC, PIV or ECA or register with blogger.com registered, sign in, search for your document, and click on “Request Scanned Document” The Bengal famine of was a famine in the Bengal province of British India (now Bangladesh and eastern India) during World War blogger.com estimated –3 million, out of a population of million, died of starvation, malaria, and other diseases aggravated by malnutrition, population displacement, unsanitary conditions and lack of health blogger.comns were Disclaimer: If you need a custom written term, thesis or research paper as well as an essay or dissertation sample, choosing Solution Essays - a relatively cheap custom writing service - is a great option. Get any needed writing assistance at a price that every average student can afford
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